Bulletin of entomological research 2002 92, 7788 doi. Influence of diet on the predation rate of orius laevigatus. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Insidious flower bug, minute pirate bug orius insidiosus say. The insidious flower bug, orius insidiosus say, is a common predator of a wide variety of small, softbodied arthropods figure 1. The survival rate of adults was examined in a screen house outdoors during the winters of 19951996 and 19961997. The biological parameters of the two anthocorids were studied and modelled in relation to temperature to optimize their use in thrips control programmes. Anthocoridae 3 crops, release rates of one to two predatorsm2 per release are usually used sanchez et al.
Diapause and survival in winter in two species of predatory bugs, orius sauteri and o. Orius albidipennis, orius insidiosus, orius laevigatus, orius majusculus and orius photoperiodic and temperature control of nymphal development and induction of reproductive diapause in two predatory orius bugs. Developmental and reproductive fitness of orius laevigatus. Many species are present in the region and they are very important natural controls. Nymphs are teardrop shapped without wings and are a yellowbrown colour.
Orius, also called the flower bug, is a small bug with a long mobile rostrum feeding tube that it can fold under its body. Enhancement of thrips control in protected sweet pepper crops by releases. Occurrence of diapause in orius laevigatus bulletin of insectology. Orius insidiosus, orius laevigatus, intraguild predation, safety of. In the 1970s and early 1980s, this species spread throughout north america beshear 1983. One of the main problems in biological control of thrips in the mediterranean area is that frankliniella occidentalis pergande does not undergo diapause. Greenhouse evaluations were conducted to determine effectiveness of orius laevigatis fieber inundation at different release rate to control of t. Request pdf continuous rearing of the predatory anthocorid orius laevigatus without plant materials the omnivorous anthocorid predator orius laevigatus is an economically important biological. The predatory bug orius laevigatus is recommended as standard species for nontarget arthropod regulatory testing for plant protection products candolfi et al. Biological control of thrips with orius insidiosus anatis. Effect of temperature on reproductive diapause of orius. Species of the genus orius are commonly referred to as minute pirate bugs, while the common name for orius insidiosus is the insidious flower bug funderburk 2009. It attacks and kills all mobile stages of thrips, including adult thrips. The bug sucks out the body contents, leaving only the empty skin.
A taxonomic study on the subgenus heterorius wagner of the genus orius wolff from japan heteroptera, anthocoridae. Orius insidiosus is a generalist predator that can feed on many species of small, softbodied insects like thrips, mites, aphids, small caterpillars and pollen. Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can be. Photoperiodic effect on diapause induction and development. Most attention was paid to the role of photoperiod in diapause induction, whereas the effect of temperature conditions and interaction. Orius overwinter as adults, and begin to enter diapause in late summer when. Aug 01, 2008 the developmental and reproductive fitness of the polyphagous predator orius laevigatus fieber hemiptera. Anthocoridae for biological control of thrips tabaci lindeman thysanoptera. The predatory bug orius laevigatus is the most widely used orius species for the biological control of thrips.
Its diapause can be prevented by supplementary lighting. Anthocoridae and its implications for biological control. Orius is a generalist predator, feeding on various softbodied insects and mites, but thrips are its preferred food source. Soon thereafter, it was found in europe in dutch greenhouses and has since become an exotic pest of. Adults are 25 mm long and feed mostly on smaller insects, larva and eggs, such as spider mites, thrips, jumping plant lice, and white fly, but will also feed on pollen and vascular sap. The genus orius commonly called minute pirate bug consists of omnivorous bugs in the family anthocoridae pirate bugs. Effect of two oviposition feeding substrates on orius. Ontogenetic timing of photoperiodic sensitivity is critical in the life history of insects that rely on photoperiod as a token stimulus. Pdf reproduction of orius laevigatus and orius albidipennis on. Effect of temperature on reproductive diapause of orius strigicollis poppius heteroptera.
Orius insidiosus females, collected in the fall, were maintained for 20 days at four photoperiod and temperature regimes 8d. Orius insidiosus, common name the insidious flower bug, is a species of minute pirate bug, a predatory insect in the order hemiptera the true bugs. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Orius is a true bug, which means it has a long rostrum feeding tube. Comparison of diapause and non diapause induced orius sauteri hemiptera. Evaluation of orius species for biological control of.
Orius insidiosus is also called the minute pirate bug. The response of a southern strain of orius majusculus reuter. Orius, also called the minute flower bug or minute pirate bug, is a true bug with a long mobile rostrum feeding tube that can fold under its body. Adults fed factitious foods ephestia kuehniella zeller eggs and artemia franciscana kellogg cysts performed better than those fed artificial diets. Photoperiodic sensitivity and diapause in the predator orius insidiosus heteroptera. Anthocoridae article pdf available in annals of the entomological society of america 93sep 2000. Mass rearing of orius laevigatus on noninsect foods could substantially increase the costeffectiveness of the production of this biological control agent which is largely based on the use of expensive eggs of the mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella. Anthocoridae, orius laevigatus,orius albidipennis, reproduction.
Rate of consumption, biological parameters, and population. Anthocoridae is already successfully used to control frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Orius adult minute pirate bugs are fast moving predators of small, soft bodied insects. Because it is native, large populations of orius develop each year on outdoor flowering plants and weeds by late summer. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates. Orius laevigatus doesnt enter into diapause, therefore the critical climatic aspects are temperature and humidity. The flower bug orius sauteri poppius is commonly used as an effective biocontrol agent for controlling small pest populations in greenhouses in china. Photoperiod influenced nymphal development and diapause induction in a laboratory culture of orius insidiosus say. Box 9060, 6700 gw wageningen, the nether landsdepartment of pure and applied ecology, section population biology, university of amsterdam, kruislaan. Nontarget arthropod testing with the predatory bug orius.
Rather, its abundance and activity is only limited by low temperatures chyzik et al. Diapause and winter survival of two orius species from. When assessing the reproductive potential of laboratoryreared predatory insects, the role of males is often neglected, although they may have a significant impact on the reproductive output of their female mates. In orius tristicolor white a high proportion of diapause was found at all photoperiods tested. Orius albidipennis is well adapted to high temperatures cocuzza et al. Insidious flower bug, minute pirate bug orius insidiosus.
It is often found in corn silks and is most common where there are spring and summer flowering shrubs and weeds since it feeds on pollen and. None of the females maintained in fallsimulated conditions 12d. Orius laevigatus, strain, diapause, quiescence, photoperiod, thermoperiod, rearing, italy, po valley, sicily. Control biologico del trips orius laevigatus youtube. Oriuslaevigatus291196 t e c h n i s c h e i n f o r m a t i. Diapause syndrome has been studied in several predatory orius species from different parts of the world e. Noctuidae as well as the population growth capacity of o.
The predation rate of fifth instars and female adults of orius laevigatus fieber fed honeybee pollen, ephestia kuehniella zeller eggs or an egg yolk based artificial diet on second instars of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande was examined in the laboratory. Under normal conditions the females consume around 12 thrips a day. Photoperiodic sensitivity and diapause in the predator orius. Orius the minute pirate bugs buglogical control systems. The most commonly used species are brown to black with white patches on the wings. Oriuslaevigatus291196 t e c h n i s c h e i n f o r m a. Photoperiodic sensitivity and diapause in the predator.
Orius laevigatus fieber plays an important role in suppressing wft vacante and tropea garzia 1993 as well as aphids, mites and whitefly populations alvarado et al. Orius laevigatus pdf laevigatus native were investigated in small arena conditions. Identity of two sympatric species of orius hemiptera. The current study investigated the effect of age and diet of males on the reproductive capacity of the anthocorid predator orius laevigatus fieber hemiptera. They consume eggs and immature stages of several pests. Continuous rearing of the predatory anthocorid orius. The cold hardiness and overwintering potential of the southern african pirate bugs, orius thripoborus hesse and orius naivashae poppius hemiptera. They are considered beneficial, as they feed on small pest arthropods and their eggs.
Pdf distribution and seasonal abundance of predatory bugs. They are massreared for use in the biological control of thrips. Insidious flower bug, minute pirate bug orius insidiosus say insecta. Diapause is one example of a character that exhibits such diversity within the genus orius and within species, and latitudinal changes commonly result in corresponding change in the inducibility of diapause musolin et al. Compatibility of orius laevigatus fieber hemiptera. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Aug 01, 2012 the higher proportion of nonovipositing females at this low temperature may be because of the induction of reproductive diapause, or a decrease of mating activity as reported for other orius spp. In this study, the effect of substrate quality and predator density on nymphal development of o. Minute pirate bug university of maryland extension. Sep 01, 2000 photoperiod plays a key role in diapause induction in this species, as well as in other orius species. A small bug that is a predator of thrips and that may be used for their biological control. Occurrence of diapause in orius laevigatus 2003 paginanavigatie.
Reproduction of orius laevigatus and orius albidipennis on pollen. Many species are present in the region and they are very important natural controls of thrips and mites in agricultural fields and gardens. Mortality asessments will be carried out at least 2 times a week after treatment. The effect of temperature on photoperiodic induction of diapause was studied in o. Anthocoridae based on a twosex life table in the laboratory. Influence of male age and diet on reproductive potential of. Anthocoridae to optimize their use as biological control agents of frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Orius insidiosus and laevigatus, also called the minute pirate bug, is an aggressive thrips predator possibly the most effective. Lattin, unpublished data, most of which are generalist predators lattin 2000. The lack of diapause, typical of some south european o. It has been shown to be an effective control for western flower thrips in cucumber and sweet pepper greenhouses. Photoperiodic and temperature control of nymphal development. Orius the pirate bug is common on many agricultural crops including, alfalfa, corn, pea, strawberry, on pasture land, in orchards, and is successfully used as a biological control agent in greenhouses.
Diapause traits were studied by observing nymphal development and reproductive performance of adults at 18 a degrees c and three photoperiods 10. Whether other aspects of physiological and behavioral adaptation in. Anthocoridae was compared on two factitious foods and four artificial diets. Induction and termination of diapause in diapause in orius predatory bugs r. Both the adults and immature stages of orius are predatory. Different biopesticides, such as botanical pesticides, fungi, nematodes can contribute to wft control. Population dynamics of orius laevigatus and frankliniella. Influence of photoperiod on orius thyestes herring hemiptera. Highlights orius majusculus from antalya enters reproductive diapause at shortday. This study investigated the effect of several substrate types and moisture sources on the developmental and reproductive fitness of the zoophytophagous predator orius laevigatus fieber hemiptera. The cause of differences in overwintering success between the sexes in orius sauteri poppius and o. Photoperiodic and temperature control of reproductive diapause induction in the predatory bug orius strigicollis heteroptera. Influence of predator density, diet and living substrate.
Orius can reproduce while feeding on nonprey food sources such as pollen. Therefore, finding a nondiapausing species or strain of the genus orius would be very useful for seasonal inoculative releases to control this species. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Reproduction of orius laevigatus and orius albidipennis on pollen and ephestia kuehniella eggs. It is usually just called orius orius is a generalist predator, feeding on various softbodied insects and mites, but thrips are its preferred food source. Orius laevigatus biological control of thrips on vimeo. Orius insidiosus is an important predator of many economically important pests lattin 1999, funderburk et al. Impact of artificial rearing systems on the developmental. Occurrence of diapause in orius laevigatus article pdf available in bulletin of insectology 562 january 2003 with 75 reads how we measure reads. Thermal biology of the predatory bugs orius thripoborus and o. The pirate bug orius it is the only predator that also.
There are several species of orius sold commercially around the world but in north america, only o. Pdf reproduction and longevity of the anthocorid predators orius laevigatus. Induction and termination of diapause in orius predatory. Commercial producers of orius insidiosus recommend its use in green. Development, consumption rates and reproductive biology of. Factors influencing termination of reproductive diapause. Mar 15, 2016 the cold hardiness and overwintering potential of the southern african pirate bugs, orius thripoborus hesse and orius naivashae poppius hemiptera. The ability of orius to feed on both prey and plant materials may alter its behavior, reproduction and performance 1,2. Thripidae is a native insect of the western part of north america that was first reported in 1895. For biological thrips control several orius species are available, such as orius laevigatus and orius majusculus. Several orius species are currently massreared and used in biological control programs to suppress agricultural pests bosco and tavella 2008, horton 2008. Adults are 25 mm long and feed mostly on smaller insects, larva and eggs, such as spider mites, thrips, jumping plant lice, and white fly, but will also feed on pollen and vascular sap these predators are common in gardens and landscapes. Females are about 3 mm long 19 inch, while males are slightly smaller. Comparison of diapause and nondiapause induced orius.
Pdf orius species are considered effective biological control. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Orius laevigatus effect of nymph diet on adult body size. Anthocoridae yuko furubayashi 1, kazuki kakimoto 2, takashi noda 3 1, kazuki kakimoto 2, takashi noda 3. Modelling population dynamics of orius laevigatus and o. The life stages of orius insidiosus say sensitive to photoperiod for diapause induction were investigated by transferring predators between short 10. Development times and reproductive parameters of o. Anthocoridae to optimize their use as biological control agents of. Female orius lay eggs per day embedded in plant tissues petioles, stalk parts or veins on the leaf. Diapause is averted under a supplementary light of as low as 10 lux. Orius insidiosus is an excellent predator of thrips. The compatibility of orius laevigatus fieber with neoseiulus amblyseius cucumeris oudemans as predators of frankliniella occidentalis pergande was assessed in 24 h tests on french bean leaf discs.